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All the three published answers are a must read. The best answer has been provided by Puneet Vohra. Well done!

Tap root Analysis - Tap root analysis and Root cause analysis is the same thing used when we work on any issue/problem. The ultimate moto is to find the root cause of the problem. It is used very often by quality and process excellence professionals to improve the business. In this analysis the problem is seen from each lens i.e. People, Process, Control and Technology and then under each lens the points are listed. Once this is done then the classification of all causes is done in to the 'Data door' and 'Process Door' Steps: Recognize, understand and define the problem. Collect the relevant data and details pertaining to that recognized issue. Make plan which comprises of sequence of activities leading up to the problem this helps in understanding where things went wrong. Develop a chart that visually maps the various factors that contributed to the incident. Make use of Fishbone diagram, Why-Why Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis to dig deeper in to the reasons behind the failure To offer and develop the solutions or actions which eliminates the root cause ensuring these actions are feasible and sustainable. To sustain the implemented solution by continuously monitoring initially for 1- 2 months ensure that problem does not recur. Benefits and limitations of Tap root analysis, Root cause and Why-Why Analysis: Benefits Limitations Root Cause Analysis Ideal for team brainstorming sessions to dig the problem For Manufacturing Industry - Causes are classified in Man, Machine , Material , Method For Service Industry - Causes are classified in to the People, Process, Control, Technology Encourages the collaboration with teams of upstream and downstream process Identifies probable causes however does not dig in to the each one. Does not provide the sequence of activities leading to the identified problem Tap Root Analysis Systematic approach for comprehensive analysis Provides multiple causes Easy representation of causes through charts of complex problems Prevention oriented Complex issues and highly technical problems Due to its depth takes longer time Complex required specific training to execute the analysis Why-Why Analysis No specialized training, very simple approach Provides only one root cause. Can be done very fast for smaller problems Very much subjective Focuses on cause and effect relationship by deliberately asking 'why' Not favourable for highly complex issues Tap Root analysis are better suited for below mentioned cases: Cyber security breach in Finance domain Safety Bypass in Manufacturing industry Surgical errors in Healthcare domain Hose failure in High speed racing cars Aviation Safety issues in aircrafts Space crafts Helium gas leakage Railway accidents Gas leakage from the chemical processing plant