PranavDoshi

As per me 4th interpretation is correct. It is natural that human errors are tend to happen. There are even chances of errors getting converted to defect. But as per poka yoke, it ensures that the defects are identified at detection stage and corrected so that it does not get converted to defective. Example. In a customer service industry, there are chances that a staff gives wrong information to client and makes an error, but further on confirmation it is obvious that the system will identify the defect and correct automatically.

Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a top down, deductive failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using Boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events. Usage - Fault tree analysis can be used to: understand the logic leading to the top event / undesired state. show compliance with the (input) system safety / reliability requirements. prioritize the contributors leading to the top event - Creating the Critical Equipment/Parts/Events lists for different importance measures. monitor and control the safety performance of the complex system (e.g., is a particular aircraft safe to fly when fuel valve xmalfunctions? For how long is it allowed to fly with the valve malfunction?). minimize and optimize resources. assist in designing a system. The FTA can be used as a design tool that helps to create (output / lower level) requirements. function as a diagnostic tool to identify and correct causes of the top event. It can help with the creation of diagnostic manuals / processes. Not Useful - It can be used to find faults in current running processes...Where as it can not be used in inception or making of the product or process. It can not be used at the initial stage of product or process inception.

I would with the above 3 statements. And feel that there could not be any specific modification required as per different industries / processes. There is only 1 possibility on 3rd point.there cannot be always a value dadding service done right at first time as there would be cases where a company might have modified there service more aftr its initial launch in market to compete in global market as well as based on customer reviews or feedbacks.

Meaning of Kaizen, Kaikaku & Kakushin - Kaizen (Change for better) – Japanese business Philosophy of Continuous improvement of working practices, personal efficiency,etc. In business it refers to all activities that continuously improve all functions & involve all employee from CEO to workers. It aims to eliminate waste. Kaikaku (Revolutionary change) – It is a Japanese word for “Radical Change”. It is concerned in making fundamental & radical changes to a production system. It is initiated by management since the change will significantly impact business Kakushin (Innovation) – It means innovation or reform. · Kaizen - change+good = improvement/ continuous improvement. · Kaikaku – change + revolutionary = transformation / reform / big improvement · Kakushin – new + revolutionary = innovation / reform / renewal Kaikaku can also be implemented when management sees that kaizen work is no longer providing adequate results. And Kakushin is implemented when a complete new product is innovated or an existing product is reformed for betterment of business. How does all 3 complement each other - It is essential for organisations to adopt all the three important concepts (Kaizen, Kaikaku & Kakushi) to benefit from these through continual improvement of processes, transformation of organizational culture & becoming an innovative entity. What would Company lose if any of these concept is not utilised? In conclusion if any of this concept is not utilised then it might not be able to deliver a high quality product or service. Also it would effect a steady growth of an organization’s growth in the global market.

Edward W Deming mean by his statement - He believed in the value of using data to help improve the management of organisation. But he also knew that it wasn't enough.There are many things that can not be measured and still must be managed. He meant that it is not always necessary that one can not manage without data, as it will not be available everytime to measure. We need to manage systems even if we cannot collect data as the most important figures are unknown or cannot be Known: Example: Return on investment from sending an employee to training (Here we know that issues can be managed/ improved by sending an employee for proper training to brush his knowledge and skills. And we cannot measure to what extent mistakes will be improved prior to training. We can just say it will improve. My view - Measurement is not always essential for having good management as there are many things that cannot be measured and managers still have to make decisions about it. Also to justify more "3% of the problems have figures,whereas 97% of the problems do not have figures". Also its not always necessary that the management techniques that one gets with data will be accurate. Some time it needs more logical thinking beyond the data that is available.

Personal Excellence - Personal excellence is a concept. It means striving to become the best possible expression of who we are on a core level. Process Excellence - Process excellence is about process effectiveness and efficiency. It requires processes to be designed and improved for consistent delivery with minimum variation and minimum waste. It is the domain of Six Sigma and Lean." Operational Excellence -Operational Excellence is an element of organizational leadership and organizational intelligence that focuses on meeting customer expectation, all while stressing the application of a variety of principles, systems, and tools toward the sustainable improvement of key performance metrics. Business Excellence - Business Excellence is often described as outstanding practices in managing the organisation and achieving results, all based on a set of fundamental concepts or values. These practices have evolved into models for how a world class organisation should operate. Comparison: Process Excellence – effective, efficient processes Operational Excellence – process excellence plus some attention to HR, culture and systems thinking Business Excellence – the pragmatic pursuit and delivery of outstanding results for all stakeholders Personal Excellence - concept of one's self excellence, to derive best in him. Contrast - Operational Excellence can be used in absence of process excellence. However for an organisation's best interest Operational Excellence, Business Excellence and personal Excellence are equally important.