Vishwadeep Khatri

Q. 105 Operational definition” is a prerequisite before any data collection activity. Best defined, it is a clear, succinct and non-ambiguous statement that provides a harmonized understanding of the metric for all involved before data collection. What constitutes an operational definition? Prima facie, though it may appear to be a simple and straight forward process, what are the examples from your experience which indicate otherwise? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 104 A common technique used to streamline a process is the removal of bottlenecks or constraints. Though "bottleneck" and "constraint" may seem similar, they are actually different. Explain the difference between Bottleneck and Constraint with examples. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 103 5S (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain) is system of workplace standardization to create a clean and well-ordered workplace to minimize errors and reduce waste. 6S is 5S plus the added step of safety. It’s a coincidence that success and 6S & sound exactly alike! Regardless, it’s a reminder that the sixth S itself is the key to successfully implementing a lean 5S program. In contrast to the other five elements, safety is about people and the second most basic human need, according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, after physiological needs. While a lot is talked about physical safety, “Mental safety” remains undiscussed. How do you define mental safety? How does it impact quality of work/productivity/performance/engagement? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 102 Explain the usage of web analytics in business growth and in capturing Voice of Customer. Which industries can use web analytics better than others for these objectives? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 101 Assuming that - Upper Specification Limit = 24, Lower Specification Limit = 18, The average = 21.5 and Standard Deviation (within) = 0.75, Cp and Cpk can be calculated using the calculator at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/calculators/process-capability-index/ Explain the inference of the Cp and Cpk values that you get for the given data and give some inputs on the kind of action required. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Flash Question - To be answered in One Hour by 6 PM on 11th October 2018. Use Calculator at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/calculators/sample-size-calculator-for-1-proportion-test/ Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 100 There are four sections in a Balanced Scorecard - Customer, Internal Business Processes, Financial, Learning and Growth. These sections contain both lagging and leading indicators. Explain the differences between lagging and leading indicators providing relevant metrics for both under each of the four sections. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 99 When it comes to designing an innovative product, there are two schools of thought. One school believes in innovation that is based on customer needs, wants and expectations. The other school argues that the customer cannot express his desire unless you show something to him. A famous adage by Henry Ford is attributed to the second school of thought - “If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said - Faster Horses!.” Which side of the debate do you find yourself? Explain with suitable examples. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 98 “Lessons learned” is the learning gained from the process of performing a project. Sharing lessons learned (LL) document prevents an organization from repeating the same mistakes and allows it to take advantage of the organizational best practices. Unfortunately, capturing lessons learned and further sharing is often given least priority or considered optional. What do you think are the major hurdles pertaining to the successful deployment of one of the simplest methods of ensuring operational excellence? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 97 Lean and Six Sigma are two different approaches for process excellence, where Lean focuses on efficiency and Six Sigma focuses on effectiveness. In the more recent times, Lean and Six Sigma have been combined to form Lean Six Sigma. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of combining the two approaches? Highlight with relevant examples. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 96 The term “Kaizen” used for “continuous improvement,” originally translates from Japanese as “change for better.” Talking about the priority in such improvements, TPS expert Shigeo Shingo provided us with four targets in order of their priority: 1. Easier 2. Better 3. Faster 4. Cheaper Do you agree with the priority of the targets? What do you think it should ideally be? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 95 What is “P-value” in hypothesis testing? Mention the most common misunderstandings with respect to P values? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 94 Brainstorming is one of the most common tools used in problem solving. What are some of the limitations in brainstorming and how can one overcome these? Highlight with relevant examples. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 93 One of the most commonly used approach to get more insights on a Pareto chart is to transform it into a “Weighted Pareto”. A weighted Pareto chart doesn’t solely highlight the most frequent defects, but also considers their importance. The frequency data is weighted by assigning attributes (e.g. Cost) to each defect type followed by prioritization using the weighted scores (e.g. frequency x cost). What are the different attributes we can use? Also, the modified approach may not point to the same problems that a Pareto based on frequency does. Explain one such practical example of a weighted Pareto chart from your experience? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Dear Ransingh, There is a very good animation that you can see at http://onlinestatbook.com/stat_sim/sampling_dist/ You can change the distribution type of independent random variables from different distributions, and see how the averages (or sums) become normally distributed. As the sample size approaches 30, the curve becomes quite normal. Of course, beyond 30, it will become even more beautifully normal but the normality test passes very well at 30. The differences you see in the match of the obtained curve with the perfect bell curve between sample sizes of 5 and 6 are much bigger than what you see between 30 and 31. As the perfection towards normality grows very slowly with an addition of every single number after 30, the number 30 is considered as a reasonably good minimum size. Of course, the number 30 is just a rule of thumb and one could always take more to be safer.

Q. 92 What are pre-control charts and how are they different from control charts? Highlight the construction, advantages, disadvantages and applications of the same. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 91 Nominal group technique (NGT) is a type of brainstorming with limited vocal interaction (Thus the word “Nominal”). In what scenarios should NGT be preferred over traditional brainstorming? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 90 Rolled throughput yield (RTY) is the probability that a single unit can pass through the entire process without defects. Can you multiply the individual throughput yields at each process step to obtain the overall, rolled throughput yield? Since, many organizations focus more on “What gets outside the door”, how does RTY (as a metric) highlight the so-called “hidden factory”? Give examples to support your response. Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Hi Saurabh, you are absolutely right. Hi Prakash, for team productivity, Cp, Cpk calculation is not a great idea. You can go for Z calculation using a lower specification limit. Cp and Cpk are of use in processes where you have both sided limits (mostly manufacturing)

Q. 89 If we want to ensure that a statistical test picks up a significant effect, what will we want to increase - confidence or power of test? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 88 Is standard deviation a superior measure of dispersion as compared to range and interquartile range? Are there any specific scenarios where you will choose to use range instead of standard deviation? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Q. 87 Skewness and kurtosis are two commonly listed values when you run any software’s descriptive statistics function. The skewness parameter measures the relative sizes of the two tails. The kurtosis parameter is a measure of the combined weight of the tails relative to the rest of the distribution. Since these numbers appear automatically, it is natural to wonder how they might be used in practice. What purpose do these shape statistics serve in any data analysis? Note for website visitors - Two questions are asked every week on this platform. One on Tuesday and the other on Friday. All questions so far can be seen here - https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/lean-six-sigma-business-excellence-questions/ Please visit the forum home page at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/ to respond to the latest question open till the next Tuesday/ Friday evening as per Indian Standard Time. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorable mention in our Business Excellence dictionary at https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/ along with the related term.

Hi Dinesh, Were you planning to ask a question? If you want to know more about the belts, please refer here -

Hi Suma, Yes, automation is likely to be one of the solutions ideas in Improve phase once you have validated the root causes in Analyze phase going through with Define and Measure phases earlier. Regards, VK

Hi Prakash, Good question. Please go through the DPMO method of Sigma Level calculation. You will not need specification limits or control limits for discrete data Regards, VK