Madhavi Shrivastava

Very professional and valuable training. Very few trainers have this type of command on subject.

Hi Madhan, This book is from BIS(Bureau of Indian standards). You can check with any of BIS sales office. Madhavi

Hi Ahmad Just to add on to very good explaination given by Sanjay, you can also refer BIS SP 28:1994 handbook on statistical quality control. It gives coplete information on operating curves and sampling.

Hi Ahmad, Inspection is the process of verification to know whether the thing being inspected is meeting specified parameters/requirements. Sampling is just a statistical method to select a suitable sample size to inspect the lot. As practically it is not possible to carry out 100% inspection on account of cost involved, long time , destructive nature of some tests sampling technique is used. Sampling uses samples (some quantity form population) and using this decision is taken about correctness of the entire population. Sampling is based on statistical theory and if randomness is ensured in picking samples, it can give correct estimate about entire population. Based on the levels of risks (bad thing being accepted as good) that is acceptable there are different sampling plans with different AQLs (acceptable Quality limit) and accompanying accept reject no for specified sample size. . Every organisation is required to choose based on the nature of product/service. eg. If it is consumer elctronics like TV manufacturing AQL of 0.65 is used for components incoming insepction. If it is office automation equipment AQL of 0.4 may be used. Again it may vary from component to component. So sampling is not an alternate for inspection. Even when we use sampling what we do is inspection

Just to add on to this useful discussion, a book worth reading is "Toyota way field book" . It is also by Jeffrey Archer and Meier. This book is like a practical guide about TPS implementation. It is based on famous 4P philosophy of Toyota ( Philosophy, People and partners, Process , Problem solving) and gives how to do tips on various aspects of lean which covers many things like defining purpose of our organisation, building leaders, root cause identification etc. Excellent book to understand and implement lean. Best regards, Madhavi

Dear Kanwal, Finding out Quality costs is a bit tedious process as it needs data on many activities but never the less highly useful and in most cases results are eye openers for the organisation. I suggest you reference of a very good British standard on process costs BS 6143-1:1992. As per this we prepare process cost model for two types of process costs - cost of conformance (COC) and cost of nonconformance(CONC). both these offer opportunities for cost reduction. How we begin is we take the work area for which costs are to be reduced , list down all the key activities under this and then identify COC and CONC for each activity. This becomes the cost model. Then you collect data on each, set targets for each, monitor, reduce the costs etc.