Viswanath S Nalli

Need for Positive Change is the base for Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Organizations focusing on Social and Environmental impact along with their financial profits is the key concept of TBL. New age Business Leaders are inclined to sustainable strategies which address the world's most pressing issues along with organizational success. 3 Components of TBL are 3Ps - Profit, People, Planet Profit - It is a combination of increasing profits, reduction of costs and mitigating risks which can boost shareholders. People - For any organization, there is a difference between shareholders and stakeholders. It's the organization's responsibility to bring a positive change in stakeholders (customers, employees and communities) that are directly/indirectly dependent on the organization Planet - Industrial revolution has generated a large amount of CO2 emissions which negatively impacted the lively hood of many living creatures, soil and water present on the earth and resulted in global warming. Reducing Carbon footprints and making the planet green should be the responsibility of every organization. Amazon as a organization is proud to contribute to all 3Ps Every employee contributes to reduction of operation cost while mitigating the risks to increase profits. Every employee can be a volunteer and contributes to CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities and provide the needed support of communities around us. Every package or item is designed to deliver the products is produced from recycled material and is environment friendly.

Vertical Integration is a strategy that allows an organization to streamline it's operations by taking control over one or multiple stages of production or distribution of its finished goods rather than relying on external suppliers or contractors. The stages related to Vertical Integration are Materials, Suppliers, Manufacturing and Distribution. D-Mart is one of the best example of Vertical Integration where it survived the competition from e-commerce platforms by running their outlets in own space, increasing profit margins by creating in house brands like Premia, Homes etc., Apple is another example of vertical integration where it owns the manufacture of A-series chips unlike Android which depends on Snapdragon or Qualcomm to provide chipsets. Advantages: No need to depends on suppliers Lower production cost Competing with most popular brands by producing identical products Disadvantages: Initial investment is higher and risk of failure is high May fail in estimating the demand, production cost and selling price

Horizontal Integration is a process of merger or acquisition or expansion of a business to increase their market share. Examples of successful Horizontal Integration : Facebook's acquisition of WhatsApp and Instagram Vodafone and Idea Merger Waly Disney acquiring Pixar Andhra Bank to Union Bank of India As the business line of both industries are same, it helps them to reduce production costs, marketing costs and increases the revenue of the parent company. However, it reduces the competitiveness and the end user might not have may options to choose from.

Process Benchmarking is comparing and analyzing your business processes with those processes that are considered the best practices in the industry. Benchmarking can benefit any industry or business and of any size. It can help identify and evaluate the performance and areas of improvement. Conducting benchmarking process accurately and with the appropriate data set is essential to meaningful comparisons. Data is picked up from direct competitors along with industry standard best practices to determine how well your projects can meet the desired goals or objectives. The 3 types of benchmarking in project management are Internal, External and Competitive.

Risk register is used to identify and track potential project risks. Anything which effects the impact of project can be termed as risk. The criteria to add or remove is based on the below guidelines 1. Risk Category (Internal/External Factors) 2. Probability of occurrence 3. Impact on the outcome 4. Priority rating of risk 5. Approach and Action towards the risk. Risk register can be used in Process Management to mitigate the risks and assign role to a person responsible for mitigating the risk. Data is key for any process to run smooth and the risk might be with the security of data and the way it is communicated - Having a plan for data security and sharing the right amount of data with right set of people is a mandate to mitigate risk.

Tolerance interval is the range of values which contains certain proportion of a population. The width is normally determined by the sampling error and the variance in population itself. The difference between tolerance interval and confidence interval is confidence interval bounds a single valued population parameter with some confidence where as tolerance interval bounds the range of data values that includes a specific proportion of population. Usage of tolerance level will be visible in packaging industries where the weight or volume will have a tolerance limit. For example, a 1 Litre of Milk packet might contain 990 ml - 1010 ml of milk

Pairwise comparison is a method or process for ranking from a group of alternatives by comparing them against each other in pairs. We compare set of options using head to head pairs and judge which one is the most preferred of all. It is useful in making strategic decisions. Example is to find the best color for a new car launch for display: All the group of people discussing about a color options like Red, Yellow, Green, Blue, Orange and comparing it in pairs like Red Vs Green & Blue Vs Yellow with all possible options. The color with more votes will be the winner. Possible comparisons from list of options is n(n-1)/2 where 'n' stands for number of options. As we are comparing 5 colors in the above the available options would be (5x4)/2 = 10 Options.

Focused Group Discussion (FGD) is a qualitative research method and data collection technique in which a selected group of individuals discusses a give topic or an issue with in-depth analysis. FGD is facilitated by a professional moderator. The discussion points and questions are open-ended, with sole aim of stimulating an informal discussion and investigating people's views in more detail than is possible through a survey. An example to FGD is - gathering feedback on new product launch or product repackaging, brand logo design etc. Challenges observed in FGD are: 1. Results might be biased 2. Hard to get honest opinions for sensitive topics 3. No scale of measurement whether the participants are voicing their opinions freely 4. Might not be a true representation of our target group 5. Not ideal for B2B research 6. Costlier than a online survey In DMAIC project - FGD helps us to identify CTQ (Critical to Quality) metrics. Example: To launch a new version of product, seeking feedback on the existing product from focused group with sample questions like below might be helpful. 1. How did you know about the product? 2. When did you purchase/use the product last time? 3. What are the cons/lack of features you observed in the current version? 4. What are your expectation in new version? 5. Are you eagerly waiting for upgraded version?

Process Entitlement is one of the best short-term performance level of a process when all input variables are in control. It can also be termed as the optimum process performance or utilization of resources without any deviations. The value of Process Entitlement can be the higher average value, For example - If a production process produces 100 units per hour on any given day but 110-120 units during some hours in a day without any change in input values then the higher average of 120 can be called as Process Entitlement Value. Process Entitlement helps us to identify the baseline metric, focus on realistic targets, provide a clear picture of process capability and instability.