Kishan Raval

Why Use Data Sampling? Sometimes When you trying to gather information on a complete population is just cost prohibitive. Think about CNN’s TV Channel coverage of an election cycle in the USA. It is not that possible to ask every voter how they voted & WHom they gonna vote. Even if it were, not all would answer. Instead of that they use exit polls to derive statistical conclusions about the population as a whole. Concerns About Data Sampling When you are taking a sample from larger population you must make sure that the samples are an appropriate size and are sampled without any bias. You should address these concerns while collecting data For example, it is very helpful if the sample size is large enough for the data to follow normal distribution as this will really opens the door to use an array of statistical tools. How Large Should your Data Sample Be? calculation for how large a sample data set should be actually depends on: Type of data (continuous or discrete) being measured How much precisely you want your statistical inferences to be. Estimate of the standard deviation or historical standard deviation for the entire population. confidence level desired. Below points are for Hypothesis test Sample size needed for hypothesis tests depend on: Desired Risk (Both alpha and beta) Minimum value to be detected in between the population means variation in the characteristic being measured (S or sigma) – the population variance. Even parameter shift sensitivity (Population size does NOT come into the determination of how big a population is.)

CONWIP is a single-stage kanban system and is also a hybrid push-pull system. kanban maintains tighter control of system work in progress through the individual cards at each workstation.... CONWIP systems are easier to implement and adjust, since There is one set of system card used to manage system WIP. Kanban works well with high-quantity low-variety parts. Since every card has a part number permanently associated with the card, the cards always replenish this part number. see this works only if there is a continuous demand for this particular part number. A good example of this would be any made-to-stock parts that will be sold in larger quantities. other side if you produce to order, a kanban will have difficulties. in case every product you make is unique, then you would need a unique kanban for this product. but KANBAN... are always assigned a part number, this will be difficult. CONWIP, on the other hand, has no part number assigned by default to the @CONWIP card. Hence, any part number can be assigned (temporarily) to the @CONWIP part, even if the part is produced only one time. Therefore, @CONWIP is well suited for made-to-order parts. However, for made-to-stock production, you need very good production sequence or else you may end up in hot water with CONWIP Below image shows Difference between KANBAN & CONWIP

Purple cow is marketing concept developed by marketer and entrepreneur Seth Godin that states that companies must build things worth noticing right into their products or services. . Godin believes that creative advertising is nt enough in a media landscape that has people tuning out... cosmetics industry as a whole is thriving right now... However, with so many new brands constantly launching, it's difficult for any single 1 to stand out. Glosier, a spin-off brand from the Into the Gloss blog, became a purple cow by using minimalism on all levels of its marketing Start with finding what market positions exist Identifying available positions doesn’t begin with u. It begins with listening to the needs and wants of your markets. You can do quantitative market research, focus groups, and surveys... But there is an easier method to determine the positions your segments have defined. Actively listen everyday – to your employees,, sales people, user groups, customers, competitors (this is a big one), & general information about your industry. For i.g:, let’s take the mundane product category hand-washing soap. Here is a short list of the numerous needs and wants a user of hand-washing soap might have: prefer bars, prefer liquid, disinfectant, moisturizing, fragrances, non-fragrances, all-natural, attractive packaging, attractive color or color combination, with Aloe, with vitamin, low-price, etc. These needs also reflect the various positions a soap manufacturer can select. Naturally, some of these potential customer needs are complimentary while others are mutually exclusive.@ The basis for successful positioning rests on clear understanding of the positions that exist in marketplace – in your customers’ heads. so This point cannot be given more importance.. With a greater understanding of the hand-washing soap market, we would undoubtedly identify many more potential positions...@ For existing products own your position Armed with the market positions, you should have a good understanding of where you stand and what makes your company and product/service different from all the rest. It’s time to that summarize this information in a positioning statement. A positioning statement is the core message you want to deliver in every medium and everything you do. Here are the steps: Identify the positions that currently exist in the market as mentioned above Develop a list of needs your customer has in this position.@ List your product/service’s benefits that uniquely meet these needs. Recognize what is different about your business. What sets you apart?@ Stake a claim to a unique benefit provided by your product/service. Make sure to emphasize a benefit that sets you apart from the competition.@ Write the positioning statement that will communicate the customer’s perception of value. Find a position that’s easy to communicate and simple to understand.@ Get the word out to everyone. Consistently communicate your positioning message in everything your company does. Your whole organization needs to be committed to following through on its positioning. Be simple, clear and consistent with your positioning. Get noticed.@ For new products … be remarkable It is new service development where wildly successful Purple Cows are created. Don’t just think about positioning when it is time to develop marketing material... Rather, take positioning one step further by creating a product/service that is remarkable instead of common. If you have an offering it was created specifically to meet the needs of a customer segment and it delivers benefits your competition does not, your positioning is built into the product. You will not only have incredibly strong position; butyou will create a Purple Cow. Do not forget this one : The customer himself does the real positioning by paying attention and deciding to buy your product/service. What you do have control in over is assessing what positions exist in the customer’s mind and then determining which of those you have the best chance-based on your own strengths-of occupying and defending. & stand out in the crowd.# There are so many resources on positioning and specific positioning strategies available. For good examples of positioning statements and strategies, look at Trout and Reis’ Positioning – & The Battle for Your Mind.

Planning Poker is agile estimating & planning techniq which is consensus based. just To start poker planning session. the Product owner or Customer reads an agile user story or describes feature to the estimators. Each Estimator is holding a deck of Planning Poker cards with values like 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 20, 40 and so forth, which is the sequence we recommend... The values represent the number of story points, ideally, or other units in which the team estimates... the estimators discuss the features & asking question of product owner As needed. @When the feature has been discussed, each estimator privately selects 1 card to represent his estimate. All cards are then revealed later at same time. If all estimators selected the same value@ that becomes the estimate. If not, the estimators discuss estimates.@ the high & low estimators specialy share their reasons. After further discussion, Each estimator @reselects an estimate card, and All@ cards are again revealed at the same time. poker planning is repeated until consensus is achieved or until the estimators decide that agile estimation and planning of particular item needs to be deferred until additional info can be acquire. This is used in Software development while making decision to ensure every one is agree on the decision part Some the steps used in the Planning Poker process. It assumes that the estimation process is occurring with everyone present in the same location, but with minor changes the process can be performed in a distributed manner. A moderator chairs the meeting to ensure that each member adheres to the guidelines A product manager or similar team leader provides an overview of the feature set or user story that is to be estimated. The team can ask clarifying questions about assumptions and risks. there should be no mention of number tht might indicate the specific amount of effort feature will take in order to avoid anchoring. A summary of the discussion is recorded. Each person involved in the estimation process will determine how much effort is required and lay a card face down in front of them reflecting that estimate. Then everyone turns their cards over simultaneously. Those who have significantly higher or lower estimates are given the chance to justify the estimate. The process repeats until all estimates converge around the same value. A timer can be used to ensure that each round of estimation doesn’t take too long.

Hammurabi CODE is well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia SO ITS ONE FOR ONE EYE FOR AN EYE it means if you broke the bone to someone than your enmeshment would be to broke your one of the bone in MNC also this law is used for some instances like if ypu login late than you have to do extra hours if you give absent than u have to work in weekend Also everyone should be treated as equal (use Heijunka: work load balancing) & No BIAS treatment SO every one is responsible for their own action and they have equal reaction also like KPI based Quarterly payout its the example of whatever you in quarter accordingly you will get paid not more not less EYE for an EYE PEOPLE GET PAID ON THEIR PERFORMANCE AND NO BIAS EQUALITY FOLLOWED IN SALES OPERATIONS PEOPLE GET PAID MORE IF THEY HAVE HIGH SATISFACTION NUMBERS ADVISOR PUT ON PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PLAN IF NOT DONE WELL SO CUTTING IN SALARY IF YOU STEAL THE DATA FROM COMPANY THAN COMPANY HAS RIGHT TO STEAL YOUR JOB FROM YOU IF YOU HAVE HIGH SATISFACTION FROM CLIENT YOU WILL HAVE HIGH CHANCE TO GET PROMOTION

Filter bubble is Method that change the information an individual user Whatever they have seen on internet on websites. The vision is because of the weighted algorithm that search engines, social media sites E Commerce site,Education sites and marketers use to personalize user exp. which affect an individual's online advertisements, social media news feeds and web searches, essentially insulate the person from outside influences and reinforce what the individual already thinks Potential Application in Business World Examples: US Presidential Election- it has been claimed that Donald trump has hired Russians to use FIlter bubble effect to ensure ALL US citizen can see Donald trump related things on internet more and more so Human has very short memory and if its keep pooing up infront of you that it has impact in your mind and you star watching Donald trump's speech and that can influence the skewness Another Example is also on Your Ecommerece websites and Social media you can see in Face book whatever you trying to buy on AMAZON or Flipkart or other websites like you are looking kids video on youtube but on Facebook it keeps pooping to BUy kids book or toys and its keep coming Another example :if you are doing Six sigma education search or MBA university search Facebook ,or any other social media Shows to another university to fill the form of MBA or If you go on AMAZON on FB it keeps poping Six sigma books This can be use by business improve sales numbers improve Subscribers numbers Degrade other product and can not be seen in First few searches Change people perception