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There are many situations where we really require zero defect. like already pointed out "Surgical set up" , or a "plane landing". The question here is not about zero defect required or not.. It is about "Is zero defect achievable?" When we say zero defect does it mean: 1. Absolutely no defect from a process... for how much duration? For ever? 2. Are we drawing some upper and lower tolerance on % defects or DPMO. and so long as the defect rate falls with in a service level agreement, are we going to accept it as zero defects? 3. if we are talking about a particular product, on which multiple defects can manifest,... when we say zero defect, are we referring to the non-occurrence of a particular defect or do we mean that no defect type should occur? 4. Are we referring to only the final output? Are we ok to have inprocess defects, but the final outcome is expected to be zero defect? 5. When we say zero defect, are we ignoring other factors like delivery time, processing cost, productivity etc? WHAT IS ZERO DEFECT? DEFINE IT.