Verification undertakes activities which demonstrate in a logical, progressive and traceable manner that the-
design satisfy the requirements of the customer;
Subsequent stages of design satisfy the requirement of the earlier stages of designs; and
Future stage of realization which can be validated against the design requirement .
The verification method/s can be -
Analysis of design (FEA Modelling )
Simulations
Hand calculation
RAM (Reliability availability maintainability )Studies -(Prediction & Modelling)
Participation in an observation and questioning role in design reviews
Bench-marking against international best practices where appropriate
Through objective evidence, validation is used for confirming that the requirements for an intended use or application have been fulfilled. Should be carried out with joint involvement of customer and developers.
Many requirement could be validated in Factory acceptance tests (FAT) while quite a few may requirement may have to demonstrated during product acceptance testing.
A Validation plan should be subjected to approval on test strategy; technique and measures used ; test and/or analyses used and how the result will be reported; management of deviation from actual to test results, conditions and constraints derived from deviation, plan for how this will be considered in next life-cycle tasks of validation.
The Above is typical used and leverage in railway domain project life cycle.