Any case where even though there is a statistical connection between X and Y, but your acceptable alpha is high enough that it will not change the total usable outcome of Y. For instance, if one managed to proved the connection between X and Y, but it is not great enough to affect First Pass Yield on a production line.
For my Service organization, we are using AAA today in the QA process for ensuring that Acceptance Test Procedures are being correctly filled out. Two reviewers from the installation team, and one SME individually assess if the document is complete. The first time pass rate is monitored (among other items), and fed back into Engineering Change Review.
Thakk